PAM

PAM is polyacrylamide. There are three main types of PAM, anion, cation, anion and cation. They are based on different types of ions, and the required solution environment is also different. The effect of anion is better under alkaline conditions, and the effect of anion and cation is acidic. The conditions will be better. In addition, depending on the type of ion, the use and effect are different. Anions are mainly used to aid coagulation.

- Polyacrylamide
Properties: white powder or translucent beads and flakes. The density is 1.30g/cm³ (23°C). The glass transition temperature is 153°C. The softening temperature is 210°C. It is soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is a uniform and clear liquid. The viscosity of the aqueous solution increases significantly with the increase in the molecular weight of the polymer, and increases or decreases logarithmically with the change in the concentration of the polymer. Except for a few polar solvents such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid, ethylene glycol, glycerin, molten urea and formamide, it is generally insoluble in organic solvents. Prepared by acrylamide monomer by solution polymerization or dispersed phase polymerization. It has multiple functions such as flocculation, thickening, drag reduction, adhesion, stable colloid, film formation and scale inhibition.

It is widely used in papermaking, mining, coal washing, metallurgy, petroleum exploration and other industrial sectors, and is an important chemical for water treatment. It can react with a variety of reagents to introduce other groups to form non-ionic, anionic, and cationic, etc., control different molecular weights, ionic types and degree of substitution, and can be used as dry reinforcing agents and surface coatings in the paper industry. A variety of chemical additives such as glue, retention aid, filter aid, dispersant, flocculant, wet strength agent, etc., is a multifunctional additive in the paper industry.

- Polyacrylamide is abbreviated as PAM, its scientific name is polyacrylamide, also known as No. 3 coagulant. It is a linear water-soluble polymer with a molecular weight of 3-18 million. The appearance is white powder or colorless viscous colloid, odorless , Neutral, soluble in water, easy to decompose when the temperature exceeds 120℃.

- Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a general term for polymers obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of acrylamide monomers under the action of initiators. It is one of the most widely used varieties of water-soluble polymer materials. It is mainly used in petroleum exploration, water treatment, and In textile, papermaking, mineral processing, medicine, agriculture and other industries, it is known as "Auxiliary Agents for All Industries". Features:

1) Flocculation: PAM can neutralize suspended substances through electricity, bridging and adsorbing, and flocculate.
2) Adhesiveness: It can play the role of adhesion through mechanical, physical and chemical action.
3) Resistance reduction: PAM can effectively reduce the frictional resistance of the fluid. Adding a small amount of PAM in the water can reduce the resistance by 50-80%.
4) Thickening: PAM has a thickening effect under neutral and acidic conditions. When the PH value is above 10, PAM is easily hydrolyzed and has a semi-network structure, the thickening will be more obvious.

Principle introduction:
1) The principle of flocculation: When PAM is used for flocculation, it is related to the surface properties of the flocculated material, especially the dynamic potential, viscosity, turbidity and the pH value of the suspension. The dynamic potential on the surface of the particles is the reason for the particle inhibition. PAMs with opposite surface charges can condense by reducing their fast-moving potential. 2) Adsorption and bridging: PAM molecular chains are fixed on the surface of different particles, and polymer bridges are formed between the particles, so that the particles form aggregates and settle.
3) Surface adsorption: various adsorption of polar group particles on PAM molecules.
4) Reinforcement: PAM molecular chain and dispersed phase entangle the dispersed phase together through various mechanical, physical, chemical and other actions to form a network, thereby playing a reinforcement role.

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